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+.\"	$NetBSD: errno.9,v 1.6 2021/06/29 22:40:53 dholland Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2004 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
+.\" by Andrew Brown.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd December 3, 2004
+.Dt ERRNO 9
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm errno
+.Nd kernel internal error numbers
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In sys/errno.h
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+This section provides an overview of the error numbers used internally
+by the kernel and indicate neither success nor failure.
+These error numbers are not returned to userland code.
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+Kernel functions that indicate success or failure by means of either 0
+or an
+.Xr errno 2
+value sometimes have a need to indicate that
+.Dq special
+handling is required at an upper layer or, in the case of
+.Xr ioctl 2
+processing, that
+.Dq nothing was wrong but the request was not handled .
+To handle these cases, some negative
+.Xr errno 2
+values are defined which are handled by the kernel before returning a
+different
+.Xr errno 2
+value to userland or simply zero.
+.Pp
+The following is a list of the defined names and their meanings as
+given in
+.In errno.h .
+It is important to note that the value \-1 is
+.Em not
+used, since it is commonly used to indicate generic failure and leaves
+it up to the caller to determine the action to take.
+.Bl -hang -width Ds
+.It Er \-2 EJUSTRETURN Em "Modify regs, just return" .
+No more work is required and the function should just return.
+.It Er \-3 ERESTART Em "Restart syscall" .
+The system call should be restarted.
+This typically means that the machine dependent system call trap code
+will reposition the process's instruction pointer or program counter
+to re-execute the current system call with no other work required.
+.It Er \-4 EPASSTHROUGH Em "Operation not handled by this layer" .
+The operation was not handled and should be passed through to another
+layer.
+This often occurs when processing
+.Xr ioctl 2
+requests since lower layer processing may not handle something that
+subsequent code at a higher level will.
+.It Er \-5 EDUPFD Em "Duplicate file descriptor."
+This error is returned from the device open routine indicating that
+the
+.Ar l_dupfd
+field contains the file descriptor information to be returned to the caller,
+instead of the file descriptor that has been opened already.
+This error is used by cloning device multiplexors.
+Cloning device multiplexors open a new file descriptor and associate that
+file descriptor with the appropriate cloned device.
+They set
+.Ar l_dupfd
+to that new file descriptor and return
+.Er EDUPFD .
+.Xr vn_open 9
+takes the file descriptor pointed to by
+.Ar l_dupfd
+and arranges for it to be copied to the file descriptor that the open
+call will return.
+.It Er \-6 EMOVEFD Em "Move file descriptor."
+This error is similar to
+.Er EDUPFD
+except that the file descriptor in
+.Ar l_dupfd
+is closed after it has been copied.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr errno 2 ,
+.Xr ioctl 9
+.Sh HISTORY
+An
+.Nm
+manual page appeared in
+.At v6 .
+This
+.Nm
+manual page appeared in
+.Nx 3.0 .