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+.\" $NetBSD: altboot.8,v 1.11 2020/08/29 13:32:27 fcambus Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2011 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
+.\" by Tohru Nishimura.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
+.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
+.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd October 7, 2013
+.Dt ALTBOOT 8 sandpoint
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm altboot
+.Nd program to boot
+.Nx
+kernel from disk or network
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm
+is a standalone program which works on top of a
+.Tn NAS
+product's bootloader.
+It is capable of loading a
+.Nx
+kernel from an
+.Tn IDE
+or
+.Tn SATA
+disk drive, or via network with
+.Tn NFS
+or
+.Tn TFTP
+protocol.
+.Nm
+can be stored in flash ROM.
+Typically you will first copy it from flash into RAM and then invoke
+it there to boot the
+.Nx
+kernel.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+runs in conjunction with popular
+.Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
+bootloaders used by
+.Tn NAS
+products.
+With an appropriate boot command line, saved in the environment,
+.Nm
+can load and start a
+.Nx
+kernel without manual intervention.
+The original
+.Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
+bootloaders remain useful and altboot works as a functional extension
+of them.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Nm
+occupies less than 128KB in volume and can be stored to any vacant
+space of the system's flash.
+It is made to run at RAM address offset 0x0100'0000.
+.Tn U-Boot/PPCboot
+is instructed to copy the program to RAM in this way:
+.Pp
+.Dl => cp.b fffe0000 1000000 20000
+.Pp
+Here 0xfffe'0000 is the flash address where
+.Nm
+is stored while 0x0100'0000 is the RAM address to copy to.
+.Pp
+The invocation syntax is:
+.Pp
+.Dl => go 1000000 Ar ide:N Ar opt1 Ar opt2 ... Ar bootname
+.Bl -tag -width xx
+.It Va ide:N
+where
+.Ar N
+is a string of digits, which defines the number of connected drives on each
+PATA channel.
+This option is useful to avoid the delays, when
+.Nm
+is trying to detect a non-existing drive.
+Examples:
+.Bl -tag -width xx
+.It ide: Ns Ar 10
+A single master drive on the first channel.
+Nothing on the second channel.
+.It ide: Ns Ar 22
+A master and slave drive on both channels of the first controller.
+.It ide: Ns Ar 1111
+A master drive on each channel.
+The first two digits belong to the first
+controller, the last two to the second controller.
+.El
+.Pp
+Unspecified digits will be read as
+.Ar 0 .
+The
+.Ar ide
+option has only a meaning for PATA disks.
+Omitting it makes it default to
+.Ar ide:10 .
+.Pp
+.It Va optN
+multi, auto, ask, single, ddb, userconf, norm, quiet, verb,
+silent, debug
+.Pp
+Omitting optN makes
+.Nm
+default to multi-user mode boot.
+.Pp
+N.B., the maximum number of allowed go command arguments varies
+and depends on the
+.Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
+buildtime configuration.
+.It Va bootname
+One of the following:
+.Pp
+.Dl nfs: Ns Ar filename
+.Dl nfs:
+.Dl tftp: Ns Ar filename
+.Dl tftp:
+.Dl wd Ns Ar Np : Ns Ar filename
+.Dl wd Ns Ar Np :
+.Dl mem: Ns Ar address
+.Dl net:
+.Pp
+The last one is a synonym for
+.Dq nfs .
+.It nfs: Ns Va filename
+issue a
+.Tn DHCP
+request to determine the
+.Tn IP
+address and download
+.Ar filename
+from the
+.Tn NFS
+server.
+.It nfs:
+target file is determined by
+.Sy filename
+field of
+.Pa /etc/dhcpd.conf
+.It tftp: Ns Va filename
+issue a
+.Tn DHCP
+request to determine
+.Tn IP
+address and download
+.Ar filename
+from the
+.Tn TFTP
+server.
+.It tftp:
+target file is determined by
+.Sy filename
+field of
+.Pa /etc/dhcpd.conf
+.It wd Ns Va Np : Ns Va filename
+load the
+.Tn ELF
+.Nx
+kernel
+.Ar filename
+from an
+.Tn FFSv2
+or
+.Tn FFSv1
+filesystem.
+.Ar N
+is a number to distinguish the target drive.
+.Ar p
+is a partition specifier.
+When omitted, partition
+.Sq a
+is assumed.
+.Dq wd0a
+means partition
+.Sq a
+of the first disk drive.
+.It wd Ns Va Np :
+use filename
+.Dq netbsd
+for booting the
+.Tn ELF
+.Nx
+kernel.
+.It mem: Ns Va address
+boots the
+.Tn ELF
+.Nx
+kernel from any address in memory.
+The
+.Ar address
+argument has to be specified as a hexadecimal number and denotes the
+start address of the
+.Tn ELF
+image in memory.
+.El
+.Pp
+.Nm
+can boot from RAID 1 partitions, but only if the RAID partition is the
+first partition on the disk.
+.Pp
+.Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
+provides a way to run a short list of commands right after power-on.
+The following is a procedure to setup the system for starting
+.Nx
+after a 5 second delay, allowing the user to break into interactive
+mode.
+Note that a backslashed
+.Sq \&;
+is necessary to enter the script correctly.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+=> setenv bootcmd cp.b fffe0000 1000000 20000\e; go 1000000 wd0:
+=> setenv bootdelay 5
+=> saveenv
+.Ed
+.Pp
+When
+.Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
+is lacking important commands like
+.Tn cp
+or
+.Tn go ,
+or is unable to save the environment, then there is still the option to
+replace the
+.Tn Linux
+kernel module by
+.Pa altboot.img
+and save it to the same address in flash ROM.
+In this case you have only two options left to pass arguments:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -compact
+.It
+Enter the interactive command line mode, after
+.Nm
+has started.
+This requires a serial console.
+.It
+Write a fixed command line into flash, replacing the
+.Tn Linux
+initrd image.
+The command line is a normal
+.Tn ASCII
+file, started by the identifier
+.Em altboot:
+and terminated by any control character between 0 and 31.
+Example:
+.Dl altboot:silent ide:1111 wd0:netbsd
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr dhcpd 8 ,
+.Xr diskless 8 ,
+.Xr nfsd 8 ,
+.Xr raidctl 8 ,
+.Xr tftpd 8
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nx Ns Tn /sandpoint
+.Nm
+first appeared in
+.Nx 6.0 .
+.Sh BUGS
+The Realtek Gigabit Ethernet driver does not work correctly at 1000 Mbps.
+Another known problem of this driver is that it runs into a timeout after
+a coldstart.
+The system has to be rebooted at least once to make it work.