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diff --git a/static/netbsd/man0/title.prm b/static/netbsd/man0/title.prm new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9402c08b --- /dev/null +++ b/static/netbsd/man0/title.prm @@ -0,0 +1,587 @@ +.\" $NetBSD: title.prm,v 1.4 2003/08/07 10:30:59 agc Exp $ +.\" +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993, 1994 Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)title.prm 8.4 (Berkeley) 8/8/94 +.\" +.af % i +.nr LL 6.5i +.EH '''' +.OH '''' +.EF '''' +.OF '''' +\& +.sp |1.5i +.nr PS 36 +.nr VS 39 +.LP +.ft B +.ce 3 +4.4BSD +Programmer's +Reference Manual +.nr PS 24 +.nr VS 32 +.LP +.ft B +.ce 1 +(PRM) +.bp +\& +.sp |0.83i +.nr PS 14 +.nr VS 16.5 +.LP +Now in its twentieth year, the USENIX Association, +the UNIX and Advanced Computing Systems professional and technical organization, +is a not-for-profit membership association of individuals and +institutions with an interest in UNIX and UNIX-like systems, +and, by extension, C++, X windows, and other advanced tools and technologies. +.LP +USENIX and its members are dedicated to: +.IP \(bu +fostering innovation and communicating research and technological developments, +.IP \(bu +sharing ideas and experience relevant to UNIX, +UNIX-related, and advanced computing systems, and +.IP \(bu +providing a neutral forum for the exercise of critical +thought and airing of technical issues. +.LP +USENIX publishes a journal (\fBComputing Systems\fP), +a newsletter (\fI;login:\fP), +Proceedings from its frequent Conferences and Symposia, +and a Book Series. +.LP +SAGE, The Systems Administrators Guild, a Special Technical Group with +the USENIX Association, is dedicated to the advancement of system +administration as a profession. +.LP +SAGE brings together systems managers and administrators to: +.IP \(bu +propagate knowledge of good professional practice, +.IP \(bu +recruit talented individuals to the profession, +.IP \(bu +recognize individuals who attain professional excellence, +.IP \(bu +foster technical development and share solutions to technical +problems, and +.IP \(bu +communicate in an organized voice with users, management, and vendors +on system administration topics. +.bp +\& +.sp |1i +.nr PS 36 +.nr VS 39 +.LP +.ft B +.ce 3 +4.4BSD +Programmer's +Reference Manual +.nr PS 24 +.nr VS 32 +.LP +.ft B +.ce 1 +(PRM) +.sp 1i +.nr PS 24 +.nr VS 26 +.LP +.ft B +.ce 1 +Berkeley Software Distribution +.nr PS 18 +.nr VS 26 +.LP +.ft B +.ce 1 +April, 1994 +.sp 1i +.nr PS 18 +.nr VS 20 +.LP +.ft B +.ce 2 +Computer Systems Research Group +University of California at Berkeley +.sp 2.2i +.nr PS 12 +.nr VS 14.5 +.LP +.ft B +.ce 4 +A USENIX Association Book +O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. +103 Morris Street, Suite A +Sebastopol, CA 94572 +.bp +.hy 0 +.nr PS 9 +.nr VS 11 +.LP +First Printing, 1994 +.br +Second Printing, 1995 +.sp 1 +.LP +Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1993, 1994 +The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.sp 1 +.LP +Other than the specific manual pages and documents listed below +as copyrighted by AT&T, +redistribution and use of this manual in source and binary forms, +with or without modification, are permitted provided that the +following conditions are met: +.IP 1) +Redistributions of this manual must retain the copyright +notices on this page, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.IP 2) +Software or documentation that incorporates part of this manual must +reproduce the copyright notices on this page, this list of conditions and +the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials +provided with the distribution. +.IP 3) +All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +must display the following acknowledgement: +``This product includes software developed by the University of +California, Berkeley and its contributors.'' +.IP 4) +Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +without specific prior written permission. +.LP +\fB\s-1THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +SUCH DAMAGE.\s+1\fP +.sp 1 +.LP +The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American +National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems have +given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. +.sp 0.5 +.LP +In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions +of the system documentation. +.LP +``Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in +electronic form in 4.4BSD from IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE +Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments +(POSIX), copyright 1988 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics +Engineers, Inc. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions +and the original IEEE Standard, the original IEEE Standard is the referee +document.'' +.sp 0.5 +.LP +In the following statement, the phrase ``This material'' refers to portions +of the system documentation. +.LP +``This material is reproduced with permission from American National +Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems. Computer and +Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), 311 First St., NW, +Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001-2178. The developmental work of +Programming Language C was completed by the X3J11 Technical Committee.'' +.sp 1 +.LP +Manual pages ptrace.2, ecvt.3, mp.3, plot.3, L-devices.5, L-dialcodes.5, +L.aliases.5, L.cmds.5, L.sys.5, USERFILE.5, dump.5, and plot.5 +are copyright 1979, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Incorporated. +Holders of \x'-1p'UNIX\v'-4p'\s-3TM\s0\v'4p'/32V, +System III, or System V software licenses are +permitted to copy these documents, or any portion of them, +as necessary for licensed use of the software, +provided this copyright notice and statement of permission +are included. +.sp 1 +.LP +The views and conclusions contained in this manual are those of the +authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, +either expressed or implied, of the Regents of the University of California. +.sp 1 +.LP +The 4.4BSD Daemon used on the cover is +copyright 1994 by Marshall Kirk McKusick +and is reproduced with permission. +.br +This book was printed and bound in the United States of America. +.br +Distributed by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. +.sp 1 +.IP "[recycle logo]" 16 +This book is printed on acid-free paper with 50% recycled content, +10-13% post-consumer waste. O'Reilly & Associates is committed to +using paper with the highest recycled content available consistent +with high quality. +.LP +.sp 1 +ISBN: 1-56592-078-3 +.bp +\& +.sp |1.5i +.nr PS 24 +.nr VS 26 +.LP +.ce 1 +\fBContents\fP +.sp 1 +.nr PS 14 +.nr VS 17 +.LP +.TS +expand; +l r. +Introduction vii +List of Manual Pages ix +Permuted Index xxix +Reference Manual Sections 2, 3, 4, 5 tabbed pages +List of Documents inside back cover +.TE +.if o .bp +\& +.EH '''' +.OH '''' +.bp +.OH '\s10Introduction''- % -\s0' +.EH '\s10- % -''Introduction\s0' +.de IR +\fI\\$1\^\fR\\$2 +.. +.de RI +\fR\\$1\fI\\$2\^\fR\\$3 +.. +.ce +\fB\s24Introduction\s0\fP +.sp 2 +.nr PS 10 +.nr VS 12 +.LP +The documentation for 4.4BSD is in a format similar +to the one used for the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD manuals. +It is divided into three sets; each set consists of one or more volumes. +The abbreviations for the volume names are listed in square brackets; +the abbreviations for the manual sections are listed in parenthesis. +.DS +I. User's Documents + User's Reference Manual [URM] + Commands (1) + Games (6) + Macro packages and language conventions (7) + User's Supplementary Documents [USD] + Getting Started + Basic Utilities + Communicating with the World + Text Editing + Document Preparation + Amusements + +II. Programmer's Documents + Programmer's Reference Manual [PRM] + System calls (2) + Subroutines (3) + Special files (4) + File formats and conventions (5) + Programmer's Supplementary Documents [PSD] + Documents of Historic Interest + Languages in common use + Programming Tools + Programming Libraries + General Reference + +III. System Manager's Manual [SMM] + Maintenance commands (8) + System Installation and Administration +.DE +.LP +References to individual documents are given as ``volume:document'', +thus USD:1 refers to the first document in the ``User's Supplementary +Documents''. +References to manual pages are given as ``\fIname\fP(section)'' thus +.IR sh (1) +refers to the shell manual entry in section 1. +.LP +The manual pages give descriptions of the features of the +4.4BSD system, as developed at the University of California at Berkeley. +They do not attempt to provide perspective or tutorial information about the +4.4BSD operating system, its facilities, or its implementation. +Various documents on those topics are contained in the +``\s-1UNIX\s+1 User's Supplementary Documents'' (USD), the +``\s-1UNIX\s+1 Programmer's Supplementary Documents'' (PSD), +and ``\s-1UNIX\s+1 System Manager's Manual'' (SMM). +In particular, for an overview see ``The \s-1UNIX\s+1 Time-Sharing System'' (PSD:1) +by Ritchie and Thompson; for a tutorial see +``\s8\s-1UNIX\s+1\s10 for Beginners'' (USD:1) by Kernighan, +and for an guide to the new features of this latest version, see +``Berkeley Software Architecture Manual (4.4 Edition)'' (PSD:5). +.LP +Within the area it surveys, this volume attempts to be timely, complete +and concise. Where the latter two objectives conflict, +the obvious is often left unsaid in favor of brevity. +It is intended that each program be described as it is, not as it should be. +Inevitably, this means that various sections will soon be out of date. +.LP +Commands are programs intended to be invoked directly by +the user, in contrast to subroutines, that are +intended to be called by the user's programs. +User commands are described in URM section 1. +Commands generally reside in directory +.I /bin +(for +.IR bin \|ary +programs). +Some programs also reside in +.I +/\|usr/\|bin, +.R +to save space in +.I /\|bin. +.R +These directories are searched automatically by the command interpreters. +Additional directories that may be of interest include +.I +/\|usr/\|contrib/\|bin, +.R +which has contributed software +.I +/\|usr/\|old/\|bin, +.R +which has old but sometimes still useful software and +.I +/\|usr/\|local/\|bin, +.R +which contains software local to your site. +.LP +Games have been relegated to URM section 6 and +.I +/\|usr/\|games, +.R +to keep them from contaminating +the more staid information of URM section 1. +.LP +Miscellaneous collection of information necessary for +writing in various specialized languages such as character codes, +macro packages for typesetting, etc is contained in URM section 7. +.LP +System calls are entries into the BSD kernel. +The system call interface is identical to a C language +procedure call; the equivalent C procedures are described in PRM section 2. +.LP +An assortment of subroutines is available; +they are described in PRM section 3. +The primary libraries in which they are kept are described in +.IR intro (3). +The functions are described in terms of C. +.LP +PRM section 4 discusses the characteristics of +each system ``file'' that refers to an I/O device. +The names in this section refer to the HP300 device names for the hardware, +instead of the names of the special files themselves. +.LP +The file formats and conventions (PRM section 5) +documents the structure of particular kinds of files; +for example, the form of the output of the loader and +assembler is given. Excluded are files used by only one command, +for example the assembler's intermediate files. +.LP +Commands and procedures intended for use primarily by the +system administrator are described in SMM section 8. +The files described here are almost all kept in the directory +.I /\|etc. +The system administration binaries reside in +.I +/\|sbin, +.R +and +.I +/\|usr/\|sbin. +.LP +Each section consists of independent entries of a page or so each. +The name of the entry is in the upper corners of its pages, +together with the section number. +Entries within each section are alphabetized. +The page numbers of each entry start at 1; +it is infeasible to number consecutively the pages of +a document like this that is republished in many variant forms. +.LP +All entries are based on a common format; +not all subsections always appear. +.RS +.LP +The +.I name +subsection lists the exact names of the commands and subroutines +covered under the entry and gives a short description of their purpose. +.LP +The +.IR synopsis "" +summarizes the use of the program being described. +A few conventions are used, particularly in the Commands subsection: +.LP +.RS +.B Boldface +words are considered literals, and are typed just as they appear. +.LP +Square brackets [ ] around an argument show that the argument is optional. +When an argument is given as ``name'', it always refers to a file name. +.LP +Ellipses ``.\|.\|.'' are used to show that the previous argument-prototype +may be repeated. +.LP +A final convention is used by the commands themselves. +An argument beginning with a minus sign ``\-'' usually means that it is an +option-specifying argument, even if it appears in a position where +a file name could appear. Therefore, it is unwise to have files whose +names begin with ``\-''. +.LP +.RE +The +.IR description "" +subsection discusses in detail the subject at hand. +.LP +The +.IR files "" +subsection gives the names of files that are built into the program. +.LP +A +.I +see also +.R +subsection gives pointers to related information. +.LP +A +.I diagnostics +subsection discusses the diagnostic indications that may be produced. +Messages that are intended to be self-explanatory are not listed. +.LP +The +.IR bugs "" +subsection gives known bugs and sometimes deficiencies. +Occasionally the suggested fix is also described. +.LP +.RE +At the beginning of URM, PRM, and SSM is a List of Manual Pages, +organized by section and alphabetically within each section, and a +Permuted Index derived from that List. +Within each index entry, the title of the writeup to which +it refers is followed by the appropriate section number in parentheses. +This fact is important because there is considerable +name duplication among the sections, arising principally from commands that +exist only to exercise a particular system call. +Finally, there is a list of documents on the inside back cover of each volume. +.if o .bp +\& +.EH '''' +.OH '''' +.bp +.OH '\s10Manual Pages''- % -\s0' +.EH '\s10- % -''Manual Pages\s0' +.EF '\s10\\\\*(Dt''\\\\*(Ed\s0' +.OF '\s10\\\\*(Ed''\\\\*(Dt\s0' +.nr PS 10 +.nr VS 12 +.LP +.ce +\s24\fBList \|of \|Manual \|Pages\fP\s0 +.nr x 0.5 +.in +\nxi +.nf +.ta \n(.lu-\nxuR +.de xx +\\$1\f3 \a \fP\\$2 +.. +.de t +.sp 1v +.ne .5i +.cs 3 +.ti -\\nxi +.ss 18 +\fB\\$2. \\$3\fP +.ss 12 +.if t .sp .5v +.cs 3 36 +.ds Ed Section \\$2 +.ds Dt \\$3 +.so \\$1 +.. +.t toc1 1 "Commands and Application Programs" +.t toc2 2 "System Calls" +.t toc3 3 "C Library Subroutines" +.t toc4 4 "Special Files" +.t toc5 5 "File Formats" +.t toc6 6 "Games" +.t toc7 7 "Miscellaneous" +.t toc8 8 "System Maintenance" +.in -\nxi +.cs 3 +.ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i +.if o .bp +\& +.EH '''' +.OH '''' +.bp +\& +.OH '\s10Permuted Index''- % -\s0' +.EH '\s10- % -''Permuted Index\s0' +.ds Ed 4.4BSD +.ds Dt April \|1994 +.ce +\s24\fBPermuted \|Index\fP\s0 +.sp 2 +.nr PS 8 +.nr VS 9 +.LP +.\" backup from slotput 1, slot, 2 +.tr ~ +.nf +.cs 3 36 +.de xx +.ds s1\" +.if \w\\$2 .ds s1 ~~\" +.ds s2 ~~~\" +.ds s3\" +.if \w\\$4 .ds s3 ~~\" +.ds s4 ~~\" +.ds s5 ~~\" +.ds y \\*(s4\f3\fP\\*(s5 +.ta 6i-\w\\*(s5u +\h"3i-\w\\$1\\*(s1\\$2\\*(s2u"\\$1\\*(s1\\$2\\*(s2\\$3\\*(s3\\$4\\*y\\$5 +.. +.so ptxx +.cs 3 +.ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i |