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+<table class="head">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="head-ltitle">DEVICE.HINTS(5)</td>
+ <td class="head-vol">File Formats Manual</td>
+ <td class="head-rtitle">DEVICE.HINTS(5)</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+<div class="manual-text">
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">device.hints</code> &#x2014;
+ <span class="Nd">device resource hints</span></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">device.hints</code> file is read in by the
+ boot <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a> when the system is about to start, and its
+ contents are passed to the kernel. It contains various variables to control
+ the boot behavior of the kernel. These variables are typically
+ &#x201C;device hints&#x201D;, but can include any kernel tunable values.</p>
+<p class="Pp">The file contains one variable per line. Lines starting with the
+ &#x2018;<code class="Li">#</code>&#x2019; character are comments and are
+ ignored by the boot loader.</p>
+<p class="Pp">After the file is read by the boot loader, you may examine the
+ variables with the <code class="Ic">show</code> command, and may add a new
+ variable, modify an existing one, or delete a variable with the
+ <code class="Ic">set</code> and <code class="Ic">unset</code> commands of
+ the boot loader (see <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a>).</p>
+<p class="Pp">After the system has started, you can dump these variables with
+ the <a class="Xr">kenv(1)</a> command.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="DEVICE_HINTS"><a class="permalink" href="#DEVICE_HINTS">DEVICE
+ HINTS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">Device hint variables are used by device drivers to set up the
+ device. They are most often used by ISA device drivers to specify where the
+ driver will probe for the relevant devices, and what resources it will
+ attempt to use.</p>
+<p class="Pp">A device hint line looks like:</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd
+ Bd-indent"><code class="Li">hint.</code><var class="Ar">driver</var>.<var class="Ar">unit</var>.<var class="Ar">keyword</var><code class="Li">=</code>&quot;<var class="Ar">value</var>&quot;</div>
+<p class="Pp">where <var class="Ar">driver</var> is the name of a device driver,
+ <var class="Ar">unit</var> is the unit number, and
+ <var class="Ar">keyword</var> is the keyword of the hint. The keyword may
+ be:</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd-indent">
+<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
+ <dt id="at"><a class="permalink" href="#at"><code class="Li">at</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>specifies a bus to which the device is attached.</dd>
+ <dt id="port"><a class="permalink" href="#port"><code class="Li">port</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>specifies the start address of I/O ports to be used by the device.</dd>
+ <dt id="portsize"><a class="permalink" href="#portsize"><code class="Li">portsize</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>specifies the number of ports used by the device.</dd>
+ <dt id="irq"><a class="permalink" href="#irq"><code class="Li">irq</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>is the interrupt line number to be used.</dd>
+ <dt id="drq"><a class="permalink" href="#drq"><code class="Li">drq</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>is the DMA channel number.</dd>
+ <dt id="maddr"><a class="permalink" href="#maddr"><code class="Li">maddr</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>specifies the physical memory address used by the device.</dd>
+ <dt id="msize"><a class="permalink" href="#msize"><code class="Li">msize</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>specifies the physical memory size used by the device.</dd>
+ <dt id="flags"><a class="permalink" href="#flags"><code class="Li">flags</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>sets various flag bits for the device.</dd>
+ <dt id="disabled"><a class="permalink" href="#disabled"><code class="Li">disabled</code></a></dt>
+ <dd>can be set to &quot;1&quot; to disable the device.</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<p class="Pp">A device driver may require one or more hint lines with these
+ keywords, and may accept other keywords not listed here, through
+ <a class="Xr">resource_int_value(9)</a>. Consult individual device drivers'
+ manual pages for available keywords and their possible values.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
+<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
+ <dt><span class="Pa">/boot/device.hints</span></dt>
+ <dd>Device resource hints file.</dd>
+ <dt><span class="Pa">/sys/</span><var class="Ar">ARCH</var><span class="Pa">/conf/GENERIC.hints</span></dt>
+ <dd>Sample resource hints for the <span class="Pa">GENERIC</span> kernel.</dd>
+ <dt><span class="Pa">/sys/</span><var class="Ar">ARCH</var><span class="Pa">/conf/NOTES</span></dt>
+ <dd>Notes on the kernel configuration file and device resource hints.</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The following example sets up resources for the
+ <a class="Xr">uart(4)</a> driver on the ISA bus:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>hint.uart.0.at=&quot;isa&quot;
+hint.uart.0.port=&quot;0x3F8&quot;
+hint.uart.0.flags=&quot;0x10&quot;
+hint.uart.0.irq=&quot;4&quot;</pre>
+</div>
+<p class="Pp">The following example disables the ACPI driver:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>hint.acpi.0.disabled=&quot;1&quot;</pre>
+</div>
+<p class="Pp">Setting a tunable variable:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
+ ALSO</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">kenv(1)</a>, <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">resource_int_value(9)</a></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">device.hints</code> file first appeared in
+ <span class="Ux">FreeBSD 5.0</span>.</p>
+</section>
+</div>
+<table class="foot">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="foot-date">November 19, 2019</td>
+ <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>