From 7a037c326d2dbec5e57a5486fd302bdbaf62479e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacob McDonnell <jacob@simplelittledream.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 18:38:29 -0500
Subject: Homework 1

---
 cmpsc132_homework_1-1.py | 486 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 486 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 cmpsc132_homework_1-1.py

diff --git a/cmpsc132_homework_1-1.py b/cmpsc132_homework_1-1.py
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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""CMPSC132 - Homework 1.ipynb
+
+I have included that code snippets for the <a href= "https://runestone.academy/runestone/books/published/pythonds3/Introduction/ObjectOrientedProgramminginPythonDefiningClasses.html">PSADS book below</a>. You need to extend the code in order to meet the criteria listed at the end of the chapter.
+"""
+
+def gcd(m, n):
+    while m % n != 0:
+        m, n = n, m % n
+    return n
+
+def chk_frac(frac):
+    try:
+        onum = frac.num
+        oden = frac.den
+    except AttributeError:
+        onum = frac
+        oden = 1
+    return onum, oden
+
+class Fraction:
+    def __init__(self, top, bottom):
+        if (type(top) is not int) or (type(bottom) is not int):
+            raise TypeError
+
+        if bottom < 0:
+            bottom *= -1
+            top *= -1
+
+        cmmn = gcd(top, bottom)
+        self.num = top // cmmn
+        self.den = bottom // cmmn
+
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "{:d}/{:d}".format(self.num, self.den)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other_fraction):
+        first_num = self.num * other_fraction.den
+        second_num = other_fraction.num * self.den
+
+        return first_num == second_num
+
+    def __add__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        new_num = self.num * oden \
+        + self.den * onum
+        new_den = self.den * oden
+        return Fraction(new_num, new_den)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        new_num = self.num * oden \
+        - self.den * onum
+        new_den = self.den * oden
+        return Fraction(new_num, new_den)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        new_num = self.num * onum
+        new_den = self.den * oden
+        return Fraction(new_num, new_den)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        new_num = self.num * oden
+        new_den = self.den * onum
+        return Fraction(new_num, new_den)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        snum = self.num * oden
+        onum = self.den * onum
+        if snum > onum:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __ge__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        snum = self.num * oden
+        onum = self.den * onum
+        if snum >= onum:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __lt__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        snum = self.num * oden
+        onum = self.den * onum
+        if snum < onum:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __le__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        snum = self.num * oden
+        onum = self.den * onum
+        if snum <= onum:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, other_fraction):
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+
+        snum = self.num * oden
+        onum = self.den * onum
+        if snum != onum:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __radd__(self, other_fraction):
+        """
+            __radd__ is for when the reverse adding is needed
+            like 1 + x instead of x + 1
+        """
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(other_fraction)
+        nnum = self.num * oden + onum * self.den
+        nden = self.den * oden
+        return Fraction(nnum, nden)
+
+    def __iadd__(self, ofrac):
+        """
+            __iadd is for increment addition
+            x += 5
+        """
+        onum, oden = chk_frac(ofrac)
+        snum = self.num * oden + onum * self.den
+        sden = self.den * oden
+        return Fraction(snum, sden)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+            __repr__ is similar to __str__ because it returns a string that
+            displays the state of the object but __repr__ can be used to
+            recreate the object while __str__ prints the state in a human
+            readable format.
+        """
+        return f"Fraction({self.num}, {self.den})"
+
+    def show(self):
+        print("{:d}/{:d}".format(self.num, self.den))
+
+    def get_num(self):
+        return self.num
+
+    def get_den(self):
+        return self.den
+
+x = Fraction(1, 2)
+x.show()
+y = Fraction(2, 3)
+print(y)
+assert y == Fraction(2,3)
+print(x + y)
+assert x + y == Fraction(7,6)
+print(x == y)
+
+"""# COMPLETE THE FRACTION CLASS
+<a href= "https://runestone.academy/runestone/books/published/pythonds3/Introduction/Exercises.html"> You can also find these questions in the book. </a><br>
+1. Implement the simple methods get\_num and get\_den that will return the numerator and denominator of a fraction.
+
+2. In many ways it would be better if all fractions were maintained in lowest terms right from the start. Modify the constructor for the Fraction class so that GCD is used to reduce fractions immediately. Notice that this means the \_\_add\_\_ function no longer needs to reduce. Make the necessary modifications.
+
+3. Implement the remaining simple arithmetic operators (\_\_sub\_\_, \_\_mul\_\_, and \_\_truediv\_\_).
+
+4. Implement the remaining relational operators (\_\_gt\_\_, \_\_ge\_\_, \_\_lt\_\_, \_\_le\_\_, and \_\_ne\_\_).
+
+5. Modify the constructor for the fraction class so that it checks to make sure that the numerator and denominator are both integers. If either is not an integer, the constructor should raise an exception.
+
+6. In the definition of fractions we assumed that negative fractions have a negative numerator and a positive denominator. Using a negative denominator would cause some of the relational operators to give incorrect results. In general, this is an unnecessary constraint. Modify the constructor to allow the user to pass a negative denominator so that all of the operators continue to work properly.
+
+7. Research the \_\_radd\_\_ method. How does it differ from \_\_add\_\_? When is it used? Implement \_\_radd\_\_.
+
+8. Repeat the last question but this time consider the \_\_iadd\_\_ method.
+
+9. Research the \_\_repr\_\_ method. How does it differ from \_\_str\_\_? When is it used? Implement \_\_repr\_\_.
+"""
+
+#Test 1
+x.get_num()
+assert x.get_num() == 1
+y.get_den()
+assert y.get_den() == 3
+
+# Test 2
+z = Fraction(3,6)
+print(z)  #should be 1/2
+assert z == Fraction(1,2)
+
+# Test 3
+# __sub__
+z = x-y
+print(z)
+assert z == Fraction(-1,6)
+# __mul__
+z = x*y
+print(z)
+assert z == Fraction(1,3)
+# __truediv__
+# from __future__ import division  #this might need to be imported
+z = x/y
+print(z)
+assert z == Fraction(3,4)
+
+# Test 4
+# __gt__
+assert (x>y) == False
+# __ge__
+assert (x>=y) == False
+# __lt__
+assert (x<y) == True
+# __le__
+assert (x<=y) == True
+# __ne__
+assert (x!=y) == True
+
+#Test 5
+try:
+    alpha = Fraction(1.2,2.2)
+except:
+    print('that doesn\'t work!')
+
+#Test 6
+beta = Fraction(3, -5)
+print(beta)
+print(beta.get_num())
+print(beta.get_den())
+assert beta == Fraction(-3, 5)
+
+#Test 7 radd
+print(x + 1)
+print(1 + x)
+assert (x + 1) == Fraction(3,2)
+assert (1 + x) == Fraction(3,2)
+
+#Test 8 iadd
+for i in range(y.get_den()):
+    x += i
+    print(x)
+assert x ==  Fraction(7,2)
+
+#Test 9
+"""
+Research the __repr__ method. How does it differ from __str__? When is it used? Implement __repr__.
+WRITE A STATEMENT HERE!
+
+__repr__ is similar to __str__ because it returns a string that displays the
+state of the object but __repr__ can be used to recreate the object while
+__str__ prints the state in a human readable format.
+"""
+class LogicGate:
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl):
+        self.name = lbl
+        self.output = None
+
+    def get_label(self):
+        return self.name
+
+    def get_output(self):
+        self.output = self.perform_gate_logic()
+        return self.output
+
+
+class BinaryGate(LogicGate):
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl, shared):
+        super(BinaryGate, self).__init__(lbl)
+
+        self.pin_a = None
+        self.pin_b = None
+        self.shared = shared
+
+    def get_pin_a(self):
+        if self.pin_a == None:
+            return int(input("Enter pin A input for gate " + self.get_label() + ": "))
+        elif self.shared:
+            return self.pin_a
+        else:
+            return self.pin_a.get_from().get_output()
+
+    def get_pin_b(self):
+        if self.pin_b == None:
+            return int(input("Enter pin B input for gate " + self.get_label() + ": "))
+        elif self.shared:
+            return self.pin_b
+        else:
+            return self.pin_b.get_from().get_output()
+
+    def set_next_pin(self, source):
+        if self.pin_a == None:
+            self.pin_a = source
+        else:
+            if self.pin_b == None:
+                self.pin_b = source
+            else:
+                print("Cannot Connect: NO EMPTY PINS on this gate")
+
+
+class AndGate(BinaryGate):
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl, shared):
+        BinaryGate.__init__(self, lbl, shared)
+
+    def perform_gate_logic(self):
+
+        a = self.get_pin_a()
+        b = self.get_pin_b()
+        if a == 1 and b == 1:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+class NandGate(BinaryGate):
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl, shared):
+        BinaryGate.__init__(self, lbl, shared)
+
+    def perform_gate_logic(self):
+
+        a = self.get_pin_a()
+        b = self.get_pin_b()
+        if a == 1 and b == 1:
+            return 0
+        else:
+            return 1
+
+class OrGate(BinaryGate):
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl, shared):
+        BinaryGate.__init__(self, lbl, shared)
+
+    def perform_gate_logic(self):
+
+        a = self.get_pin_a()
+        b = self.get_pin_b()
+        if a == 1 or b == 1:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+class NorGate(BinaryGate):
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl, shared):
+        BinaryGate.__init__(self, lbl, shared)
+
+    def perform_gate_logic(self):
+
+        a = self.get_pin_a()
+        b = self.get_pin_b()
+        if a == 0 or b == 0:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+class XorGate(BinaryGate):
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl, shared):
+        BinaryGate.__init__(self, lbl, shared)
+
+    def perform_gate_logic(self):
+
+        a = self.get_pin_a()
+        b = self.get_pin_b()
+        if a != b:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+class UnaryGate(LogicGate):
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl):
+        LogicGate.__init__(self, lbl)
+
+        self.pin = None
+
+    def get_pin(self):
+        if self.pin == None:
+            return int(input("Enter pin input for gate " + self.get_label() + ": "))
+        else:
+            return self.pin.get_from().get_output()
+
+    def set_next_pin(self, source):
+        if self.pin == None:
+            self.pin = source
+        else:
+            print("Cannot Connect: NO EMPTY PINS on this gate")
+
+
+class NotGate(UnaryGate):
+
+    def __init__(self, lbl):
+        UnaryGate.__init__(self, lbl)
+
+    def perform_gate_logic(self):
+        if self.get_pin():
+            return 0
+        else:
+            return 1
+
+
+class Connector:
+
+    def __init__(self, fgate, tgate):
+        self.from_gate = fgate
+        self.to_gate = tgate
+
+        tgate.set_next_pin(self)
+
+    def get_from(self):
+        return self.from_gate
+
+    def get_to(self):
+        return self.to_gate
+
+class HalfAdder:
+
+    def __init__(self, a, b):
+        self.g1 = XorGate("G1", True)
+        self.g2 = AndGate("G2", True)
+        self.g1.pin_a = a
+        self.g1.pin_b = b
+        self.g2.pin_a = a
+        self.g2.pin_b = b
+
+    def perform_circut_logic(self):
+        s = self.g1.get_output()
+        c = self.g2.get_output()
+        return s, c
+
+
+g1 = AndGate("G1", False)
+g2 = AndGate("G2", False)
+g3 = OrGate("G3", False)
+g4 = NotGate("G4")
+c1 = Connector(g1, g3)
+c2 = Connector(g2, g3)
+c3 = Connector(g3, g4)
+print(g4.get_output())
+
+"""# LOGIC GATE PROBLEM
+Research other types of gates that exist (such as NAND, NOR, and XOR). Add them to the circuit hierarchy. How much additional coding did you need to do?
+
+Not much additional coding is needed because you just need to copy and paste
+and change the logic of the given gates
+
+The most simple arithmetic circuit is known as the half adder. Research the simple half-adder circuit. Implement this circuit.
+
+Bonus: 10 Points - Extend that circuit and implement an 8-bit full adder.
+"""
+
+print("Half Adder Test:\nEnter a = 0 b = 0\nAns: s = 0 c = 0")
+h1 = HalfAdder(0, 0)
+s, c = h1.perform_circut_logic()
+assert s == 0
+assert c == 0
+print(f"s = {s} c = {c}")
+
+print("Half Adder Test:\nEnter a = 0 b = 1\nAns: s = 1 c = 0")
+h1 = HalfAdder(0, 1)
+s, c = h1.perform_circut_logic()
+assert s == 1
+assert c == 0
+print(f"s = {s} c = {c}")
+
+print("Half Adder Test:\nEnter a = 1 b = 0\nAns: s = 1 c = 0")
+h1 = HalfAdder(1, 0)
+s, c = h1.perform_circut_logic()
+assert s == 1
+assert c == 0
+print(f"s = {s} c = {c}")
+
+print("Half Adder Test:\nEnter a = 1 b = 1\nAns: s = 0 c = 1")
+h1 = HalfAdder(1, 1)
+s, c = h1.perform_circut_logic()
+assert s == 0
+assert c == 1
+print(f"s = {s} c = {c}")
-- 
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